Clinical application of tissue-engineered transplants. Part I: mucosa

OBJECTIVES: The study series aims at testing the feasibility of the clinical application of tissue-engineered oral mucosa. The preliminary results were gathered over a period varying from 6 months to 12 years depending on the surgical method. METHODS: Tissue-engineered oral mucosa was used to cover defects in various surgical procedures like vestibuloplasty (n=42), freeing of the tongue (n=10), prelaminating the radial flap (n=5) and reconstruction of the urethra (n=16). In all interventions small samples of oral mucosa were harvested, cut into small pieces, resuspended in culture medium and seeded into a culture flask. Cultured keratinocytes were transferred onto membranes which then were used to cover mucosal defects in the oral cavity. RESULTS: To gain a graft of 15 cm(2) size a mucosa biopsy of 4-8 mm(2) and 40 ml autologous patients serum is needed. Tissue-engineered oral mucosa was applied successfully in all four surgical methods. Six months after transplantation a regular epithelial layering with a histological delimitation of the stratum, epithelial crest and a strong basal membrane appeared. According to the reception site the tissue engineered oral mucosa differentiated in several ways. CONCLUSION: Tissue-engineered oral mucosa fulfils the requirements for clinical routine. With view to healing time and outcome it does not appear to be superior to regular harvested oral mucosa transplants. Because of a smaller harvesting defect and primary wound closure at the actual operation site the patients' convenience is increased. Thus this method reduces morbidity and advances the quality of life.     

Changes in pharyngeal (airway) morphology in Class III Turkish female patients after mandibular setback surgery

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the pharyngeal and lower facial morphology in Turkish female Class III patients 1.5+/-0.4 years after mandibular setback surgery (bilateral sagittal split osteotomy), and orthodontic multi-bracket treatment. Only women with mandibular prognathism were selected because sex differences in pharyngeal airway changes were evident. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Lateral cephalograms of 25 Turkish female Class III patients (mean age: 25.4+/-2.6 years) with mandibular prognathism, were assessed before and 1.5+/-0.4 years after operation. Paired t and Pearson tests were used. RESULTS: The pharyngeal airway morphology showed significant changes in soft-palate length and posterior reference line (PRL) to point of posterior tongue. The decrease in PTV-Pg distance was correlated with the decreases in PRL-PSP, PRL-PTO and PRL-E distances. It was considered normal for the pharyngeal airway morphology to adapt after surgery to improve the hard tissue relationship. CONCLUSION: The lower facial morphology significantly changed and the pharyngeal airway narrowed 1.5+/-0.4 years after mandibular setback surgery.     

Three-dimensional simulation and prediction of craniofacial surgery

The treatment of patients with complex facial deformities is one of the most challenging multidisciplinary tasks in plastic surgery. Due to advancements in medical technology and surgical techniques in the last 20 years correction of severe malformations has become possible and is performed by highly specialized teams frequently in a single operation. Recent developments in three-dimensional (3-D) imaging techniques have already greatly facilitated diagnosis of complex craniofacial deformities. Computer-based simulation methods for surgical procedures that are based on imaging data have the potential to improve surgical treatment by providing the ability to perform 'virtual surgery' preoperatively and thus reduce patient risk and morbidity intraoperatively. A method is presented for interactive computer-assisted craniofacial plastic surgery planning and visualization, especially simulation of soft tissue changes using an experimental Craniofacial Surgery Planner. The system computes non-linear soft-tissue deformation because of bone realignment. It is capable of simulating bone cutting and bone realignment with integrated interactive collision detection. Furthermore, soft-tissue deformation and cutting due to surgical instruments can be visualized. Simulation processes are based on an individual patient's preoperative 3-D computed tomography and on a 3-D, photo-realistic model of the patient's preoperative appearance obtained by a laser range scanner. Very fast and robust prediction of non-linear soft-tissue deformation is computed by optimizing a non-linear cost function.     

骨性III类错牙合畸形患者正颌手术前后咀嚼肌功能变化的初步研究

目的:应用肌电图仪评价骨性III类错牙合畸形患者正颌手术前后咀嚼肌功能的变化。方法:收集16例骨性III类错牙合畸形需正颌手术病例和20例正常牙合对照组,应用MedelecSynergy肌电图仪分别在静息放松、正中紧咬、前伸、开口、侧方和咀嚼运动时,测定双侧颞肌前束、咬肌和二腹肌前腹的表面募集电位,并计算其肌不对称指数运动。病例组在术后3个月和6个月时重复测定,采用t检验进行统计学分析,并与对照组进行比较。结果:手术前病例组咀嚼肌电位小于对照组,尤以紧咬和咀嚼时差异显著(P<0.05),肌不对称指数与对照组无差异。术后3个月时,部分肌功能恢复,但紧咬和咀嚼时募集电位下降显著(P<0.001),肌不对称指数也增大,提示此时肌功能尚未完全恢复。术后6个月各种功能运动时的募集电位均大于术前水平,肌不对称指数则基本小于术前水平,说明肌功能有所改善。结论:骨性III类错牙合畸形患者手术前咀嚼肌功能弱于对照组,正颌手术矫正了颌骨位置和咬合关系,改善了患者的咀嚼肌功能。     

Proposal for a 'surgical checklist' for ambulatory oral surgery

The authors propose a new checklist model adapted for ambulatory oral surgery procedures based on the ‘surgical checklist’ proposed by the WHO. The proposed document contains 18 items divided into two sets: those that must be verified before beginning surgery and those that must be verified after its completion, but prior to the patient's departure from the site where the surgery is performed. A checklist is an easy-to-use tool that requires little time but provides order, logic and systematization taking into account certain basic concepts to increase the level of patient safety. The authors think that the result is a checklist that is easy to complete and ensures that key patient safety-related matters are dealt with in this field of surgery.     

Immediate implant loading following computer-guided surgery

Purpose

The aim of this study was to develop and apply a new method for easy intraoperative adjustment of a provisional fixed full-arch restoration, in order to allow immediate implant loading following computer-guided surgery, regardless of any implant positioning errors compared to the virtual planning.

Methods

In accordance with the NobelGuide™ protocol, a provisional restoration for immediate loading of six maxillary implants was prepared prior to surgery. Because small shifts between the planned and the actual implant positions were to be expected, the provisional restoration was not fabricated directly on temporary cylinders as a conventional one-piece superstructure, but was divided into two portions: six custom made abutments and a long span fixed restoration which were left unconnected. After implantation, the custom abutments were attached to the six implants to be immediately loaded, and the superstructure was cemented simultaneously to all abutments using dual cure resin cement. After the excess cement was cleaned and polished, the superstructure was then reseated. Passive fit was achieved between implants and the superstructure.

Conclusion

The superstructure described in this article can be easily seated and adjusted to accommodate any possible shifts in implant positioning occurring during computer-guided surgery. Through this method uneventful immediate implant loading can be achieved in a reasonable operative time.     

胸腔镜肺叶切除术的快速康复外科多模式镇痛管理

胸腔镜手术(VATS)是肺叶切除术的主要手术方式,多模式镇痛则是VATS快速康复外科(ERAS)管理的核心内容,其目的在于管理围手术期疼痛,减少患者应激反应,实现术后全面的早期康复。近年来,多模式镇痛不断发展更新,强调综合应用多种镇痛方式和不同机制镇痛药物的协同治疗。本文总结了VATS肺叶切除术多模式镇痛应用的新进展,提出了存在的问题和挑战,以期制定更为有效、实用的ERAS镇痛方案。     

吲哚菁绿在胸腔镜肺小结节手术定位中的应用价值

目的 探讨吲哚菁绿在胸腔镜下肺小结节手术定位中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2020年10月至2021年2月采用吲哚菁绿进行术前定位并接受胸腔镜下肺小结节(直径小于1 cm)切除术的45例病例资料,对患者的年龄、病灶直径、结节距胸膜距离、结节密度、吲哚菁绿定位成功率、定位时间、并发症发生率、病理结果进行分析。结果 吲哚菁绿定位靶病灶的成功率100%,平均结节大小6.3 mm,结节距壁层胸膜(10±11)mm,59枚结节定位后CT扫描发现局部少量气胸13例(22.0%),少量出血4例(6.7%),手术成功率100%,术后病理证实肺腺癌43例(72.9%)。结论 吲哚菁绿在胸腔镜下肺小结节手术定位中定位成功率高,安全性良好。     

超声引导下坐骨神经阻滞麻醉在下肢骨折手术中的应用效果

目的 探讨超声引导下坐骨神经阻滞麻醉在下肢骨折手术中的应用效果.方法 将50例下肢骨折手术患者按照入院先后顺序分为对照组与研究组,每组25例.对照组给予神经刺激仪引导下坐骨神经阻滞麻醉,研究组给予超声引导下坐骨神经阻滞麻醉.比较两组的麻醉效果.结果 研究组的苏醒时间,拔管时间,运动、感觉神经阻滞起效时间短于对照组,运动、感觉神经阻滞维持时间长于对照组(P<0.05).拔管30 min后,两组的VAS评分均降低,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05);拔管10 min后,两组的Ramsay镇静评分均降低,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05).麻醉30 min后,两组的血糖、皮质醇、白细胞介素-6水平均升高,但研究组低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组的不良反应总发生率无显著差异(P>0.05).结论 超声引导下坐骨神经阻滞麻醉可缩短下肢骨折手术患者苏醒时间,拔管时间,运动、感觉神经阻滞起效时间,延长运动、感觉神经阻滞维持时间,减轻麻醉应激反应,且安全性较高.     

头孢唑林与头孢呋辛用于儿童清洁手术预防用药的临床综合评价

目的 开展儿童清洁手术(I类切口)预防用药的临床综合评价,促进围术期预防用抗菌药物的合理使用。方法 根据《药品临床综合评价管理指南(2021年版试行)》,应用文献研究法、头脑风暴、专家访谈法、德尔菲法构建清洁手术(I类切口)预防用药的临床综合评价体系;收集评价证据并开展多维度、多层次证据的综合评判。结果 临床综合评价体系包括5个1级指标(安全性、有效性、经济性、适宜性和可及性),11个2级指标,30个3级指标;头孢唑林临床综合评价得分86.09,头孢呋辛评分为82.45分,前者在安全性、有效性、经济性、适宜性4个方面优于后者,后者可及性优于前者。结论 本研究所构建的儿童清洁手术(I类切口)预防用药临床综合评价体系有较高的科学性,评价结果可为医疗机构清洁手术(I类切口)抗菌药物的遴选提供依据。